When does an ethical attribute matter for product evaluation? The role of warm-glow feelings for low-rated products

Research on the effects of ethical attributes has recently gained traction. However, limited research has addressed consumer response to ethical attributes in the current context where product ratings have become of primary importance to make decisions. Specifically, this study examines the relative effect of ethical attributes on product evaluations across different product ratings. Building on cue consistency theory and the negativity bias, we suggest that ethical attributes gain weight when consumers evaluate a low-rated product. This process leads consumers to anticipate more warm-glow feelings, generating better evaluations for such low-rated products featuring an ethical attribute (vs. another type of attribute). Two experiments provide consistent empirical support for this prediction, and demonstrate that, compared to other attributes or no attribute, an ethical attribute increases product evaluations to a larger extent when the product received low (vs. higher) ratings. We show that this effect occurs because of warm-glow feelings: when product ratings are low, consumers anticipate more warm-glow feelings from purchasing a product with an ethical attribute (vs. another type of attribute), leading to better product evaluations. These findings have direct managerial and ethical implications for practitioners.     

立法坚持“把党的领导融入法律制度”

"党的领导"是社会主义法治的政治原则和立法准则,政治属性是立法工作的第一属性。立法践行"党的领导"原则,"把党的领导融入法律制度",体现在立法工作和实际操作的诸多方面:党领导和控制立法项目的确定和启动;立法以党的组织机构作为工作核心主体,展开起草、修改和协商等工作程序;法律法规草案制定需要以党的精神、理念和主张作为基本依循来明确立法理念、目的和制度设计;立法将"党言党语"转化为"法言法语",形成条款内容;立法以各种规范形式明确表述和保障"党的领导"。通过立法机制、程序和法文本,体现党对法律制度的领导力和法律制度对"党的领导"的融入水平。     

基于资本属性的混合资本债券定价因素研究

作为一种新型金融衍生产品，混合资本债券以其特有的资本属性形成了区别于传统债券的定价模式。本文通过混合资本债券定价模型对其价值决定因素进行研究，从而揭示其与传统债券定价因素的区别和联系，并对我国发展混合资本债券提出相关建议。     

两种计量属性视角下会计准则的理论透视

我国对于公允价值的运用经历了从启用到回避,再到重新启用的过程,目前公允价值运用的经济环境还具有很多不确定性,探索还在继续,准则的制定还需不断的完善,在这样的大背景下,企业应谨慎使用公允价值。历史成本计量属性由于其固有的可靠性、可验证性和可操作性仍将处于主导地位。未来计量模式将是一种以历史成本计量属性为主、辅以多种其他计量属性的混合计量模式。     

国土空间规划视角下生态空间管制分区的理论思考

研究目的:揭示生态空间的概念内涵与认知局限,探讨面向国土空间规划的生态空间管制分区优化逻辑。研究方法:文献资料法和归纳演绎法。研究结果:(1)生态空间具有实体、功能、管理等多维属性,蕴含了生态系统服务的多样性、生态空间功能的复合性、生态服务价值的人本性三重内涵;(2)生态空间管制分区的认知存在三方面的局限,即价值取向上难以统筹要素、功能与格局,操作模式上忽略社会文化功能的权衡,实施路径上未能建构分级分类体系;(3)国土空间规划对生态空间管制分区提出了底线保障、精细治理、人本服务三个层次需求;(4)生态空间管制分区可遵循以生态功能为研判依据、生态要素为空间载体、分级分类高效管理为落脚点的理论逻辑,建构以功能权衡、要素统筹、分级分类为次序的实施路径。研究结论:深化生态空间的理论认知,厘清国土空间规划对生态空间管制分区的核心需求,优化生态空间管制分区的理论逻辑与实施路径,才能有效地支撑生态文明新时代的空间治理现代化目标。     

利率市场化、存款保险制度与银行风险承担——基于市场约束的研究

市场约束作为巴塞尔协议Ⅱ三大支柱之一以及衡量金融深化的重要标准，是近年来相关研究的热点之一。而利率市场化等又是提高银行市场约束程度的实质性推动力量。基于此，文章分析了利率市场化进程、存款保险制度与市场约束之间的关系及其对银行风险承担的影响，并藉此评估了存款保险制度实施的政策影响及利率市场化在其中所起的作用。结果发现：（1）我国银行整体的市场约束能显著抑制其风险承担，但分类的结果则表明地方性银行的市场约束效应最明显，大型银行次之，外资银行则不显著；进而，在考虑利率市场化因素之后，除外资银行以外的市场约束效应均有所增强，尤其是，利率市场化对价格约束效应的作用要远强于其对数量约束效应的影响。（2）基于合成控制法的估计结果表明，存款保险制度通过市场约束对地方银行的影响更明显，且存款保险制度通过价格约束对银行风险承担的影响较之其通过数量约束的作用效果要更强。（3）综合而言，存款保险制度会增加利率市场化通过市场约束作用于银行风险承担的正向影响。文章的研究结果显示利率市场化推进以及存款保险制度实施的影响开始趋于明显，并使市场约束机制作用的发挥逐渐与国外相符，但仍然有进一步深化的空间。     

青海省玉树州相对资源承载力评价

采用修正后的相对资源承载力模型从时间和空间对玉树州资源承载力进行评价,结果表明:1999—2008年间,玉树州相对资源承载力处于富余状态,但富余量在逐渐减小;土地资源承载力远大于经济资源承载力,其中牧草地资源和林地资源对综合资源承载力贡献最大;资源承载力空间分布特征明显,主要表现为东西部和南北部的资源承载力分布差异。     

A behavioral urban recreation site choice model

Abstract

A multinomial logit site choice model (MNL) derived by utility maximization and based on reported travel distance and perceived site attributes was estimated for 21 forest‐related urban recreation sites in Chicago. Reported travel distance was the dominant explanatory variable. Perceived site attributes included stimulating/educational, quiet, safe, and forested. When estimated for subsets of the 21 sites, the coefficient for travel distance remained stable in sign, magnitude, and significance, while coefficients for “quiet” and “forested” changed in sign and significance. This supports the application of travel cost models at the urban scale, but suggests that site choice criteria may be sensitive to variables not included in the study.     

Dealing with problem employees: A legal guide for employers

One of the more difficult responsibilities of employers is dealing with problem employees. Employee misconduct and poor performance can lead to productivity issues, morale problems, and inferior quality products. For these reasons, it behooves employers to address performance issues rather than allow them to fester. By understanding which federal employment laws can be triggered when making employment decisions, avoiding common mistakes in applying these laws, and implementing key policies, employers can provide structures in the workplace that allow them to address problems effectively and minimize their legal exposure.     

Measurement and Management Issues in Customer Satisfaction Research: Review,Critique and Research Agenda: Part Two

Abstract

A two-part article was designed to review the main areas of agreement and disagreement in the debate over customer satisfaction and its measurement. The preceding article presented a synthesis of views in regard to the definition of customer satisfaction; the similarity, difference, and causality between customer satisfaction and service quality; and the use of the Expectancy-Disconfirmation Paradigm in the measurement of customer satisfaction. This second article undertakes a critical review of the debates relating to the reliability and validity of the Performance alone and the Weighted Importance-Performance models in assessing customer satisfaction. Further discussions pertaining to culture-satisfaction relationship, who should determine satisfaction (the researcher or the customer) and whether the measurement of customer satisfaction is an end in itself are presented. Finally, possible barriers that exist in the way of developing and implementing effective satisfaction improvement programmes are reviewed, and suggestions for future research are provided.